Oceanography

SYLLABUS

Relief of Oceans, Composition: Temperature, Density and Salinity, Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents, Waves, Tides, Sea Level Changes, Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone

Ocean Relief

  • The Ocean Relief Features are quite different from the continental features because the Oceanic crust is less than 60-70- million years old whereas continental features are of Proterozoic age .
  • While there is only one global ocean, the vast body of water that covers 71 percent of the Earth is geographically divided into distinct named regions. The boundaries between these regions have evolved over time for a variety of historical, cultural, geographical, and scientific reasons.
  • Historically, there are four named oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic. However, a new ocean has now been recognized as the Southern (Antarctic) ocean as the fifth ocean. The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian are known as the three major oceans.
  • They are the source of food– fish, mammals, reptiles, salt, and other marine foodstuffs.
  • The tides can be harnessed to provide power.
  • Oceanography is the branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea.
  • Earlier echo-sounding techniques were used, now radar soundings and electrical Echo devices are used to find the precise depths of ocean floors and map the relief of oceans.

Ocean Relief Features

  • The oceans, unlike the continents, merge so naturally into one another that it is hard to demarcate them.
  • The geographers have divided the oceanic part of the earth into five oceans, namely the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, Southern, and the Arctic.
  • The various seas, bays, gulfs, and other inlets are parts of these four large oceans.
  • A major portion of the ocean floor is found between 3-6 km below the sea level.
  • The floors of the oceans are rugged with the world’s largest mountain ranges, deepest trenches, and the largest plains. These features are formed, like those of the continents, by the factors of tectonic, volcanic, and depositional processes.

Major Ocean Relief Features

The ocean floors can be divided into four major divisions:

  • the Continental Shelf
  • the Continental Slope
  • the Deep Sea Plain
  • the Oceanic Deeps

MOCK TEST

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _1

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1. The Average temperature of the surface water of the ocean is

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2. The precious minerals like Petroleum and Natural Gas are found in

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3. Which one of the following is correct arrangement of oceans in ascending order as of their size

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4. The line joining the points of Equal depth are known as

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5. The ocean water was iceberg free during the era

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6. Surface Circulation of Ocean water is due to

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7. because of the The Oceanic ridge come into existence

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8. The Sargasso Sea (Weed Growing Sea) lies in the

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9. Kiel Canal Connects

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10. Which country headed the Challenger Expedition (1872-76)

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11. The Diego Garcia is an island located in in which of the following oceans

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12. Who is called Father of Oceanography?

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13. Flat topped volcanic hills submerged under ocean water are called

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _2

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1. The cold current flowing along the coast of Chile and Peru is known as

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2. The most important source of iodine and potash in ocean water is

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3. Archipelago refers to

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4. Which one of the following has the highest salinity level?

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5. The maximum oceanic salinity is found in

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6. The average density of sea water is

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7. The busiest oceanic Route is

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8. The average difference in the water level between high tide and low tide at a place is referred to as

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9. The average salinity of ocean water is

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10. What is the most common salt in the sea water?

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11. The Great Barrier Reef is located

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12. Most of the salt in the sea water is derived from

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13. The Turbidity Current Theory is responsible for

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14. The Bosphorus Strait is located between

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _3

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1. A Nautical mile is equal to

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2. The Echo sounder instrument measures the

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3. What is Diatoms?

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4. The difference between high tide water and low tide water is called

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5. The Bermuda Triangle or Devil's Triangle lies on

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6. The major cause of Titanic ship sinking in North Atlantic Ocean was

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7. In which year Titanic ship sunk in North Atlantic Ocean

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8. The highest tide occurs in India is near

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9. The largest tide occurs in the world in

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10. The S-shape bottom reliefs are found in

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11. Which of the following seas has the highest salinity

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12. Diatom ooze is very frequently found at greater depth in

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _4

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1. Coral reefs are normally found between

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2. The Socotra Island is situated in

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3. Which one of the following sea is without a coast line?

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4. The wave-cut platform is found in

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5. What is the ideal temperature required for survival of coral reefs

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6. Spring and Neap Tides

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7. Diamond Harbour and Salt Lake City are situated in

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8. A Shallow stretch of seawater partly on completely separated from the open ocean by a reef is called

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9. The first marine sanctuary in India, having its bounds coral reefs, mollusca, dolphins, tortoise and various kinds of sea birds, has been established in

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10. Seiche is a type of

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11. Salinity in water bodies increase with

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12. The density of sea water depends upon

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13. The general depth of Abyssal Plains varies between

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14. The Guam is an Island in Micronesia which lies on

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _5

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1. Which of the following area is called Cape of Good Hope

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2. Which features are called rainforest of oceans?

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3. The famous productive fishing ground Dogger bank are lies in

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4. What is the most important effects of oceanic currents?

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5. Which one of the following countries has the world's longest coastline

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6. What is La Nina

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7. The Glacial Control Theory of formation of coral reefs was propounded by

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8. In Grand Bank and George Bank abundant productive fishing ground are found due to

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9. A cold ocean current flows from south to north along the western coast of South Africa is called

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10. Kiel Canal Connects

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11. What is the real time taken by the tide?

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12. Which of the following is the islands of corals

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13. Who Propounded Subsidence Theory of formation of coral reefs

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14. Who propounded the theory of stand still theory of formation for coral reefs?

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