Oceanography

SYLLABUS

Relief of Oceans, Composition: Temperature, Density and Salinity, Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents, Waves, Tides, Sea Level Changes, Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone

Ocean Relief

  • The Ocean Relief Features are quite different from the continental features because the Oceanic crust is less than 60-70- million years old whereas continental features are of Proterozoic age .
  • While there is only one global ocean, the vast body of water that covers 71 percent of the Earth is geographically divided into distinct named regions. The boundaries between these regions have evolved over time for a variety of historical, cultural, geographical, and scientific reasons.
  • Historically, there are four named oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic. However, a new ocean has now been recognized as the Southern (Antarctic) ocean as the fifth ocean. The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian are known as the three major oceans.
  • They are the source of food– fish, mammals, reptiles, salt, and other marine foodstuffs.
  • The tides can be harnessed to provide power.
  • Oceanography is the branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea.
  • Earlier echo-sounding techniques were used, now radar soundings and electrical Echo devices are used to find the precise depths of ocean floors and map the relief of oceans.

Ocean Relief Features

  • The oceans, unlike the continents, merge so naturally into one another that it is hard to demarcate them.
  • The geographers have divided the oceanic part of the earth into five oceans, namely the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, Southern, and the Arctic.
  • The various seas, bays, gulfs, and other inlets are parts of these four large oceans.
  • A major portion of the ocean floor is found between 3-6 km below the sea level.
  • The floors of the oceans are rugged with the world’s largest mountain ranges, deepest trenches, and the largest plains. These features are formed, like those of the continents, by the factors of tectonic, volcanic, and depositional processes.

Major Ocean Relief Features

The ocean floors can be divided into four major divisions:

  • the Continental Shelf
  • the Continental Slope
  • the Deep Sea Plain
  • the Oceanic Deeps

MOCK TEST

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _1

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1. The Average temperature of the surface water of the ocean is

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2. The Diego Garcia is an island located in in which of the following oceans

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3. The Sargasso Sea (Weed Growing Sea) lies in the

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4. Who is called Father of Oceanography?

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5. Which country headed the Challenger Expedition (1872-76)

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6. The ocean water was iceberg free during the era

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7. The line joining the points of Equal depth are known as

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8. because of the The Oceanic ridge come into existence

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9. Kiel Canal Connects

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10. Which one of the following is correct arrangement of oceans in ascending order as of their size

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11. The precious minerals like Petroleum and Natural Gas are found in

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12. Surface Circulation of Ocean water is due to

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13. Flat topped volcanic hills submerged under ocean water are called

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _2

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1. Most of the salt in the sea water is derived from

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2. The average density of sea water is

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3. The maximum oceanic salinity is found in

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4. The Turbidity Current Theory is responsible for

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5. The most important source of iodine and potash in ocean water is

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6. What is the most common salt in the sea water?

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7. Which one of the following has the highest salinity level?

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8. The Bosphorus Strait is located between

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9. The average difference in the water level between high tide and low tide at a place is referred to as

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10. The Great Barrier Reef is located

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11. The cold current flowing along the coast of Chile and Peru is known as

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12. The average salinity of ocean water is

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13. The busiest oceanic Route is

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14. Archipelago refers to

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _3

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1. The S-shape bottom reliefs are found in

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2. Diatom ooze is very frequently found at greater depth in

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3. A Nautical mile is equal to

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4. What is Diatoms?

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5. The Bermuda Triangle or Devil's Triangle lies on

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6. The difference between high tide water and low tide water is called

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7. The largest tide occurs in the world in

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8. The highest tide occurs in India is near

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9. The major cause of Titanic ship sinking in North Atlantic Ocean was

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10. The Echo sounder instrument measures the

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11. Which of the following seas has the highest salinity

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12. In which year Titanic ship sunk in North Atlantic Ocean

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _4

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1. The Guam is an Island in Micronesia which lies on

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2. The first marine sanctuary in India, having its bounds coral reefs, mollusca, dolphins, tortoise and various kinds of sea birds, has been established in

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3. The general depth of Abyssal Plains varies between

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4. Spring and Neap Tides

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5. The Socotra Island is situated in

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6. Salinity in water bodies increase with

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7. The wave-cut platform is found in

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8. Which one of the following sea is without a coast line?

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9. What is the ideal temperature required for survival of coral reefs

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10. A Shallow stretch of seawater partly on completely separated from the open ocean by a reef is called

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11. Coral reefs are normally found between

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12. The density of sea water depends upon

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13. Seiche is a type of

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14. Diamond Harbour and Salt Lake City are situated in

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OCEANOGRAPHY MOCK TEST SET _5

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1. What is the most important effects of oceanic currents?

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2. What is the real time taken by the tide?

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3. The famous productive fishing ground Dogger bank are lies in

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4. Which one of the following countries has the world's longest coastline

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5. Which of the following area is called Cape of Good Hope

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6. The Glacial Control Theory of formation of coral reefs was propounded by

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7. Who Propounded Subsidence Theory of formation of coral reefs

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8. Who propounded the theory of stand still theory of formation for coral reefs?

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9. What is La Nina

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10. Kiel Canal Connects

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11. Which of the following is the islands of corals

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12. A cold ocean current flows from south to north along the western coast of South Africa is called

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13. Which features are called rainforest of oceans?

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14. In Grand Bank and George Bank abundant productive fishing ground are found due to

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